[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n
La transici\u00f3 cap a un sistema energ\u00e8tic basat en fonts renovables ja \u00e9s una realitat a Espanya. Amb m\u00e9s del 50% de l\u2019electricitat generada a partir d\u2019energies netes i pics puntuals superiors al 70%, el pa\u00eds es troba en una fase avan\u00e7ada d\u2019integraci\u00f3 de renovables. Tanmateix, la interrupci\u00f3 general del subministrament viscuda el 28 d\u2019abril de 2025 ha posat de manifest una veritat inc\u00f2moda: la quota renovable, per si sola, no garanteix la seguretat del sistema.<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n Davant aquest context, pren especial rellev\u00e0ncia l\u2019informe recent de l\u2019Ag\u00e8ncia Internacional de l\u2019Energia (IEA), Integrating Solar and Wind: Global experience and emerging challenges<\/em><\/a>. Un document que ofereix orientacions clares sobre com mantenir l\u2019estabilitat en sistemes el\u00e8ctrics amb alta penetraci\u00f3 de renovables variables (VRE). Des d\u2019ERIA, hem sintetitzat les principals conclusions i reptes que se\u2019n deriven per al cas espanyol, especialment ara que el pa\u00eds es troba en les fases 4-5 del model de maduresa de la IEA.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]L\u2019informe de la IEA defineix sis fases en el proc\u00e9s d\u2019integraci\u00f3 de renovables. Espanya ja ha superat les primeres, centrades en el desplegament inicial de renovables, i s\u2019endinsa en les fases m\u00e9s exigents: aquelles en qu\u00e8 l\u2019estabilitat, la flexibilitat i la coordinaci\u00f3 s\u00f3n imprescindibles per garantir la fiabilitat del sistema. En aquest estadi, els desequilibris sobtats entre generaci\u00f3 i demanda s\u00f3n m\u00e9s probables, i cal un enfocament estrat\u00e8gic en diversos \u00e0mbits \u2014des de l\u2019operaci\u00f3 fins a la regulaci\u00f3.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n La IEA identifica quatre grans pilars que han de sustentar qualsevol sistema el\u00e8ctric amb una alta penetraci\u00f3 de VRE:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]Les centrals de resposta r\u00e0pida, com les hidroel\u00e8ctriques en mode de ralent\u00ed o les centrals de cicle combinat, poden entrar en funcionament en q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de minuts o segons, estabilitzant el sistema davant imprevistos. Les tecnologies hibridades (per exemple, solar amb bateries o e\u00f2lica amb hidr\u00e0ulica) aporten continu\u00eftat i capacitat d\u2019adaptaci\u00f3, actuant com a coix\u00ed operatiu per compensar la intermit\u00e8ncia de les renovables.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Les bateries s\u00f3n una de les tecnologies m\u00e9s estrat\u00e8giques del moment. Permeten emmagatzemar l\u2019energia sobrant i alliberar-la quan cal, a m\u00e9s d\u2019oferir serveis de sistema com l\u2019estabilitzaci\u00f3 de freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia o la capacitat de black start<\/em> (reinici del sistema despr\u00e9s d\u2019una apagada). Quan s\u2019integren amb convertidors grid forming<\/em>, poden actuar com a refer\u00e8ncia de tensi\u00f3 per a la xarxa, assumint funcions que abans realitzaven les m\u00e0quines s\u00edncrones convencionals.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]El consum ja no pot ser un element passiu. Tant les llars com la ind\u00fastria poden ajustar la seva demanda en funci\u00f3 de les condicions del sistema, activant la flexibilitat a trav\u00e9s de tarifes hor\u00e0ries, sistemes intel\u00b7ligents o plataformes d\u2019agregaci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s de millorar l\u2019efici\u00e8ncia, aquest enfocament permet que la demanda participi activament en el manteniment de l\u2019estabilitat.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]Les connexions amb altres pa\u00efsos s\u00f3n essencials per compartir recursos, exportar excedents o importar energia quan cal. Espanya, amb una capacitat d\u2019interconnexi\u00f3 inferior al 3% respecte al consum, est\u00e0 molt per sota de l\u2019objectiu del 10% fixat per la UE. Refor\u00e7ar aquestes connexions amb Fran\u00e7a, Portugal o el Marroc, i explorar-ne de noves, \u00e9s una mesura clau per augmentar la resili\u00e8ncia i aprofitar millor el potencial renovable.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n La seva versatilitat operativa les converteix en una eina fonamental per a l\u2019estabilitat del sistema. Ja sigui per intervenir en microsegons o per sostenir la c\u00e0rrega durant hores, les bateries poden esmorteir les oscil\u00b7lacions de la generaci\u00f3 renovable i actuar com a font d\u2019in\u00e8rcia virtual. Casos d\u2019\u00e8xit com els d\u2019Austr\u00e0lia, la Xina o el Regne Unit en demostren la viabilitat a gran escala.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]Aquests convertidors electr\u00f2nics permeten que les instal\u00b7lacions renovables actu\u00efn com a refer\u00e8ncia de tensi\u00f3 i freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, simulant el comportament de les m\u00e0quines s\u00edncrones. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s fonamental en sistemes amb baixa in\u00e8rcia, i prepara el terreny per a una electrificaci\u00f3 avan\u00e7ada, on les fonts convencionals es veuran progressivament substitu\u00efdes per convertidors intel\u00b7ligents.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]Per afrontar amb garanties les fases 4 i 5 de la integraci\u00f3 de renovables, l\u2019informe de la IEA proposa un conjunt de mesures agrupades en sis \u00e0mbits. Aquestes s\u00f3n les m\u00e9s destacades per al cas espanyol:[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n L\u2019emmagatzematge ha de jugar un paper clau per garantir l\u2019estabilitat i flexibilitat del sistema el\u00e8ctric. Es proposa desplegar bateries a escala de xarxa amb capacitats grid-forming<\/em>, integrar-les en plantes renovables per esmorteir-ne la intermit\u00e8ncia, i fomentar nous models de negoci que valorin serveis com la regulaci\u00f3 de freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, black start o estabilitzaci\u00f3 de tensi\u00f3. Tamb\u00e9 es promouen bateries distribu\u00efdes en entorns industrials i residencials per aportar flexibilitat local i reduir costos, aix\u00ed com tecnologies d\u2019emmagatzematge de llarga durada \u2014com aire comprimit, bateries de flux o hidrogen verd\u2014 per fer front a desequilibris estacionals.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]La innovaci\u00f3 tecnol\u00f2gica juga un paper clau en tots els \u00e0mbits del sistema el\u00e8ctric. Les solucions tecnol\u00f2giques emergents i disruptives poden accelerar la flexibilitzaci\u00f3, millorar l\u2019efici\u00e8ncia, reduir costos i augmentar la resili\u00e8ncia. La innovaci\u00f3 no nom\u00e9s aporta solucions t\u00e8cniques, sino que obre tamb\u00e9 noves oportunitats de negoci i models de participaci\u00f3 dins del sistema el\u00e8ctric. Per tant, \u00e9s imprescindible fomentar entorns de prova, projectes pilot i col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 p\u00fablic-privada que permetin escalar aquestes tecnologies en un marc regulador adaptat.<\/p>\n Espanya compta amb un dels mix energ\u00e8tics m\u00e9s nets d\u2019Europa i un ecosistema d\u2019innovaci\u00f3 creixent en \u00e0mbits com les tecnologies netes, el desenvolupament de bateries i la digitalitzaci\u00f3 de la xarxa. Per convertir aquest avantatge en lideratge, cal assumir amb decisi\u00f3 els reptes d\u2019aquesta nova fase. L\u2019estabilitat no \u00e9s un l\u00edmit al creixement renovable, sino el seu complement indispensable.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" La transici\u00f3 cap a un sistema energ\u00e8tic basat en fonts renovables ja \u00e9s una realitat a Espanya. Amb m\u00e9s del 50% de l\u2019electricitat generada a partir d\u2019energies netes i pics puntuals superiors al 70%, el pa\u00eds es troba en una fase avan\u00e7ada d\u2019integraci\u00f3 de renovables. Tanmateix, la interrupci\u00f3 general del subministrament viscuda el 28 d\u2019abril […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4488,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4484"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4493,"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4484\/revisions\/4493"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eriainnohub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}El repte d\u2019una nova etapa<\/h2>\n
Els quatre pilars d\u2019un sistema el\u00e8ctric resilient<\/h2>\n
1.Generaci\u00f3 flexible<\/h3>\n
2. Emmagatzematge energ\u00e8tic<\/h3>\n
3. Flexibilitat de la demanda<\/h3>\n
4. Interconnexions internacionals<\/h3>\n
Tecnologies estrat\u00e8giques emergents<\/h2>\n
Bateries de nova generaci\u00f3<\/h3>\n
Convertidors grid forming<\/em><\/h3>\n
Propostes clau per a Espanya<\/h2>\n
1. Operaci\u00f3 del sistema<\/h3>\n
\n
2. Infraestructura de xarxa<\/h3>\n
\n
3. Emmagatzematge<\/h3>\n
4. Flexibilitat de la demanda<\/h3>\n
\n
5. Desenvolupament de mercats<\/h3>\n
\n
6. Regulaci\u00f3 i planificaci\u00f3 integrada<\/h3>\n
\n
Una oportunitat per liderar<\/h2>\n